Business Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Web advertising in this stage in the wake of creating an achievable measure of gift solicitation can again end up being helpful from numerous points of view. For instance, the site can likewise assist with picking up the help of experts for this situation with no additional expense. Correctly, the online journals creation can be valuable to perceive the strong donators and sort out them at last. Another goal of the group was to set up another rec center in the nearby network. To accomplish this goal the group will need to deal with a sufficient space inside the structure. The fundamental supplies that the group ought to be centered around for this situation are the types of gear, one coach in any event, a changing and a resting space for the members. What's more, the piece of participation gifts ought to likewise be thought of. The upsides of site planning is very noteworthy on account of New Wave Youth Club, along these lines it requests a consistent improvement to continue the position. To form the site into a ‘Killer Website’ the group should be centered around the traits of speed, client assistance and contribution of new up-reviewed innovation also. For example, the group can sort out mindfulness programs, or engaging games which will be powerful to pull in potential donators and different providers.

Networking Topologies Authorization and Transaction

Question: Examine about theNetworking Topologiesfor Authorization and Transaction. Answer: Given, B= 6.8 MHz (transmission capacity) SNR= 132 (sign to clamor proportion) C= Bit Rate. C=B log (1+SNR) = 6.8x106 log2 (1+132) = 6.8x106 log2 133 = 48 Mbps. Let, L be the quantity of signs Subsequently, C = 2 x B x log2 (L) 0r, 48= 2x6.8xlog2L Or then again, log2 L=48/(6.8x2) Or then again, log2 L= 3.56 0r 4 (around) Or then again, L = 24= 16. Given, Edge size = 5 million bits Proliferation speed = 2.2x 108 m/s Length of the connection = 1900 km = 1900 x 103 Subsequently, Processing delay = 1.8 x 10 mS = 18 mS. Data transfer capacity = 8 x 106 bps In this way, Transmission time = 5 x 106/8 mS = 62500 =.625 s Lining time= 10 x 3.5 mS = 35 mS. Spread time = 1900 x 103/2.2x 108 uS = 8 uS Complete postpone time = 35 + 18 + .08 + 62500 = 62551.08 mS = .63 sec The all out postpone time is .63 sec. The predominant part is the transmission delay. The irrelevant part is the spread time. Figure 1. The POP 3 State outline Source: (made by Author) The POP 3 convention has four states: Approval, Transaction, Update, Closed After the Authorization of association the association is set up. After the foundation of the association the exchanges take places. After the finish of the exchanges they are refreshed. On consummation of the update the POP 3 is shut. Book reference Bajde, D. (2013). Purchaser culture hypothesis (returns to actornetwork hypothesis: Flattening Holme, P. (2015). Current fleeting system hypothesis: a colloquium.The European Physical Journal B,88(9), 1-30. Huang, X., A, H., Gao, X., Hao, X., Liu, P. (2015). Multiresolution transmission of the relationship modes between bivariate time arrangement dependent on complex system theory.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications,428, 493-506. Ors, R. (2014). Advances on tensor system hypothesis: balances, fermions, trap, and holography.arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.6552.

The Rogerian approach to therapy and its limitations

The Rogerian way to deal with treatment and its restrictions One of the expressions that Carl Rogers used to portray his treatment is strong, not reconstructive. It is conceivable to disclose an individual to himself, to recommend steps which should lead him forward, to prepare him in information about an additionally fulfilling method of life. Be that as it may, such techniques are, in my experience, purposeless and irrelevant. The most they can achieve is some impermanent change, which before long vanishes, leaving the individual like never before persuaded of his deficiencies (Rogers 1961, p33). Impacts Rogers never embraced explicit preparing as a psychotherapist (Rogers and Russell 2002, p242), and was at first vigorously impacted by his adolescence and the limitations and control practiced by his folks and by an early coach, Goodwin Watson. Thoughtfully, Rogers refers to Emerson, and specifically Kierkegaard and Buber as his key impacts (Rogers and Russell 2002, p169). Clinicians impacting him included Maslow, Combs and Snygg (Nelson-Jones 2000 p99) Rogers faith in a people limit with respect to self-heading albeit essentially established on his clinical experience㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦was buttressed by his comprehension of Ranks work (Rogers and Russell 2002, p9), and he discusses being tremendously affected by Jesse Taft and Frederick Allen just as suggesting crafted by Karen Horney in his paper on more current ideas in psychotherapy in December 1940. Hypothetical Development Corey (2001, p170) references Zimring and Raskins (1992) distinguishing proof of four conclusive times of improvement in Rogers approach, starting during the 1940s with the presentation of non-order guiding. Corey remarks He caused an incredible disturbance when he tested the fundamental presumption the instructor knows bestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Based on his conviction that symptomatic ideas and methodology were lacking, biased, and regularly abused, he discarded them from his methodology. During this time Rogers put accentuation on a lenient and non-mandate atmosphere expecting to pick up understanding into customer sentiments. During the subsequent period, Rogers moved concentration from the advisors approach onto the phenomenological universe of the customer. The customers inside casing of reference and the actualising propensity as the driver for change got consideration, with the methodology in this way being renamed customer focused treatment. The third time frame watches Rogers further refine his methodology, concentrating on the idea of turning into the self one genuinely is (Corey p170), or the vital and adequate states of treatment as laid out by Rogers in his article in volume 21 of the Journal of Consulting Psychology in 1957 (Kirschenbaum and Henderson p 219-235), in which he clarifies his speculation for a lot of facilitative conditions identified with psychotherapeutic change. Rogers additionally embraced broad investigation into the customer/advisor relationship as of now. The last stage laid out is 1970 onwards when the center got far more extensive, enveloping instruction, industry and world governmental issues, consequently turning into the individual focused methodology. Rogers early work in advising and psychotherapy accordingly sketched out new ideas in the realm of psychotherapy recommending another method for survey the treatment relationship. These improvements brought about the plan of a non-mandate approach with an accentuation on the present rather past, sentiments instead of considerations and focussing on the customers as opposed to the specialists assets. This prompted a strong treatment relationship, which Thorne (1992) trusts Rogers kept up as key to the remedial procedure for an incredible duration. the entire reasonable structure of Rogers thoughts lays on his significant experience that individuals become progressively trust-commendable once they feel at a profound level that their abstract experience is both regarded and dynamically comprehended (Thorne 1992, p26) Key Concepts In a 1957 article in the Journal of Consulting Psychology, Rogers recorded the states of the helpful procedure where such an environment can come to fruition. For useful character change to happen, it is vital that these conditions exist and proceed over some undefined time frame: Two people in mental contact The principal, whom we will term the customer, is in a condition of incongruence, being defenseless or restless The subsequent individual, whom we will term the specialist, is harmonious or incorporated in the relationship The specialist encounters unqualified positive respect for the customer. The advisor encounters an empathic comprehension of the customers inner edge of reference and attempts to impart this experience to the customer. The correspondence to the customer of the advisors empathic understanding and genuine positive respect is to an insignificant degree accomplished. No different conditions are essential. On the off chance that these six conditions exist, and proceed over some undefined time frame, this is adequate. The procedure of helpful character change will follow. (Kirschenbaum and Henderson p221) Stedmans give a clinical meaning of Supportive psychotherapy as psychotherapy targeting reinforcing the patients mental protections and giving consolation, as in emergency mediation, instead of examining provocatively into the patients clashes and in light of this the above conditions can be deciphered as a structure for the arrangement of a strong domain for the restorative procedure. Remedial Process The instance of Mary Jane Tilden, seen by Rogers in 1946, is noted by Patricia Raskin (1996, p135) similar to a fantastic case of the old style Rogerian approach, consequently being liable to survey from both customer focused and contemporary psychoanalytic perspectives. The instance of Mary Jane includes a pulled back lady of 20 brought into treatment by her mom, apparently battling to break liberated from the impact of others and to determine profound inward clashes, evidently having attempted yet over and over neglecting to go through the pre-adult phases of life into development. Rogers had a sum of 11 meetings with Mary Jane, during which checked changes are believed to happen, especially in the later meetings when increasingly fast change gets obvious. All through the early meetings Rogers keeps on supporting, perceive and explain sentiments in any event, when the customer depicts a very distressing standpoint, making rehashed references to sanatoriums, insufficiency, correlation with others and in any event, referencing self destruction and conceivable mind harm. Mary Jane over and over attempts to put proprietorship onto Rogers, posing numerous inquiries and apparently getting very baffled at his refusal to give answers. Rogers will not gracefully answers while reliably staying empathic and steady. In the third meeting we see Mary Jane pushing for answers yet curiously on this event when left to her own reasoning she works out the response for herself. Inspecting the Mary Jane case Dingman (1996) thinks about that Rogers reliably avoided giving the appropriate responses or systems over and over mentioned, or to give exhortation or direction picking rather to remain unequivocally present, to comprehend her dissatisfaction and disarray without remedy for change㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ [and] would not sabotage Mary Janes development toward experiencing completely the what I am by giving answers (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p202). Albeit speculative pushes toward progress in prior meetings are evident, an unequivocal advance change is noted during meeting seven as Mary Jane perceives her interior clashes. Long delays win as Rogers permits time for autonomous data handling and arrangement recognizable proof. In meeting eight the acknowledgment of her folks impact gets obvious anyway the sadness is presently unmistakably blended with mindfulness, knowledge and provisional inspiration. Dingman proposes inside the empathic walled in area that Rogers gave, Mary Janes contemplative, scholarly enthusiasm for self moved gradually to increasingly essential encountering (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p202). Geller and Gould (1996) recognize Rogers made progress in reinforcing Mary Janes capacities with respect to self-governance and commonality and that she had become progressively self-tolerating, however contend Rogers and Mary Jane never achieved full concurrence on the objectives of treatment, their relative duties or the sort of relationship required to accomplish the treatment work (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p218). They contend Rogers reacted to Mary Janes qualities however was neither empathic nor discerning about her progressively negative emotions, neglecting to address oblivious clashes and hence conceivably constraining the profundity of her investigations in these territories. They question whether finish would have delivered all the more suffering increases. Quickened change is seen during the last scarcely any meetings, with Mary Jane facing reliance issues. Albeit as yet approaching inquiries she no longer pushes for reactions, rather advancing to answer freely. In the last meeting Mary Jane discusses progress made and changes experienced, taking note of that it has gotten simpler to converse with more dependence on sense and a capacity to act normal. Raising concern improvement might be impermanent, she in any case seems sure that she presently can adapt. Considering Mary Janes development toward alteration, Dingman alludes to the need for goals of all her assumptions of what she ought to do and ought to be preceding stopping to oppose thus move toward acknowledgment of what I am, expressing Evaluation, correlation, examination, the aching to be what one isn't this needed to kick the bucket for the new living example to rise. (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p208) In investigating Rogers the board of the case, Geller and Gould remark Rogers style of working can be seen as basically coordinated toward helping Mary Jane manufacture a strong feeling of self, equipped for individuationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Rogers essential point was to help the advancement of the customers one of a kind individua

Strong Form Efficiency And Role Of Technical Analysis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

If an investor invests his money in the stock market, he wants to achieve a good return on invested capital. Nowadays, many business people are trying to market their money to beat, because they aim to achieve not only a profit. However, market efficiency the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) formulated by Eugene Fama in 1970, sat down, suggests that market at any given time, prices fully reflect all available information about a particular stock and / or market. Thus, according to the EMH, no investor has an advantage in predicting a return on the stock price, because no one has access to information not already available for everyone else. The Effect of Efficiency: Non-Predictability: Is information on economic events, political and social impact on investors, because the information is not limited to research and financial news, it depends on the investor, as he perceives this information, this message is reflected in its share price. Reports for theory effic ient markets are markets that all members have the same information about the prices, and they respond to this information, and no one has the ability to profit from anyone. Prices in the market are random and are not predictable, so that the procedure to invest money can be recognized, then you can not plan its investment and that is why he can not be successful. EMH has this hike in prices, which caused the goal to beat the market consistently causes of failure to invest in the market. In fact, it is profitable to invest in index funds for an investor to make profits. Anomalies: The Challenge to Efficiency: There are some arguments have EMH in this world of investments and the market from investors such as Warren Buffet, whose strategy is to stock that is undervalued, who provides an example for followers to beat by a great deal of money. There are managers who get the better results as compared to others, and compare with others than when we try to invest in areas, th en there exists renowned research analysis, so if you to hit the market and then profit, as the performance can be random. There are arguments that states that EMH are present, and here are some examples of how effects of the weekend, she recommends the purchase on Monday morning and Friday afternoon, the prices are different on weekends versus weekdays. The prices are higher in January for the start of the new year and show a higher return. Funding of studies on the psychology of investors on the prices defined so that it can be some procedures in the stock market. Investors are happy to review, which is undervalued, and they tend, the overvaluation of the market participants and the result is yours to buy, is efficient. Investors or short-term shareholder move into and out of the hottest and newest stock proposed because of the mass mentality of the trendy, through economic MIT professor Paul Krugman. The result is then on the prices in a bad shape and the market will not result in the air. The prices are not the information available on the market. Rather than be manipulated for profit-seekers to understand the prices. The EMH Response: The EMH does not dismiss the possibility of anomalies in the market, in the manufacture of the highest returns. In fact, market efficiency is not required, the price in the amount of fair value all the time. The prices may be overvalued or undervalued only in unforeseen circumstances, so that they eventually returned to their means. The deviations from the fair price of a share in itself randomly and investment strategies that can not be undercut in the market in line phenomena. Moreover, the hypothesis makes that an investor who outperforms the market in that fate, but no luck. EMH supporters say this is conspicuous by the laws of probability at a given time in a market with a large number of investors, some, while others are average. How DoesÂÂÂ  a Market Become Efficient? To effectively ma rket, the investor must recognize that a market is not efficient and beatable. Ironically, investment strategies should benefit from inefficiencies in fact, take the fuel that keeps a market efficiently. A market must be large and liquid. Information must be generally available and published in terms of accessibility and cost, and investors in more or less the same time. Transaction costs are expected to be cheaper than the profits of the investment strategy. Investors also need adequate resources to the advantage of inefficiency, until it disappears, as indicated in the EMH. Above all, an investor has to believe that she or he can surpass the market. Degrees of Efficiency: Accepting the EMH in its purest form can be difficult, but there are three identified classifications of the EMH on or to which it can be applied to markets, have to target. 1. Strong performance This is the strongest version, which states that all information is in a market, whether public or privat e, is accounted for a share. Not even insider information could allow an investor an advantage. 2. Semi-strong efficiency This form of the EMH implies that all public information is calculated at the current price of the shares. Neither fundamental nor technical analysis can be used to achieve higher profits. 3. Poor performance this type of EMH maintains that all previous prices is for a stock is included on the current cost. Therefore, the technical analysis can not be used to predict and beat a marketplace. Executive Summary: The markets are not perfect, but pretty hard! Research and the idea of market efficiency have come a long way in the last 30 years. Many of the irregularities could take the result of measurement errors and lack of time, to different risks and returns and the cost of information. The basic idea of market efficiency is that the competition all the data in the price drive fast. This idea has its beginning, at least partially through the ball a nd in the discussion paper in 1968 Browns earnings announcements. The authors found that 80% of the market was news before the announcement and the planned 3 to 6-month returns following the announcement of almost zero. Of course, after studying Fama, French, Jensen and Roll 1969 dividend divided paper (FFJR), the first real event was, the researchers found a regular market very efficiently. These papers contributed to the generally prevailing opinion that market prices were estimated, not completely eliminating it as a tool used in scientific research be trusted. The more theoretical models of Modigliani and Miller, Sharpe and Lintner (CAPM) and Black and Scholes (1973) contributed to the idea that winning the markets efficient support. (The other models are more credibility to the event-study results.) Fama is first the concept of efficient market in financial literature in 1965, when maximizing a market with a large number of profit , with each trying to predict future mark et values and information is almost freely available. Ball FFJR paper describes the 1969 introduction of event time as the event that even the most important breakthrough in our understanding of how stock prices react to new information may have been. Ball without assistance, while the efficiency of the market for streamed recognize several limitations to the day as a researcher in search of anomalies were detected. Ball shares the research into three overlapping groups Empirical Anomalies: Problems with installation of the theory to the data price overreactions (eg Debont and Thaler 1985), excess volatility (Shiller 1981), in response to the good earning potential announcements, CAPM, seasonal patterns Errors in the efficiency as a model for the exchange. (This is perhaps the strongest part of the paper) The basic idea is that we have information on the funding to zero when they are in fact positive. Everyone recognizes that these costs should be included in any effi ciency of search, but we do not know these costs, we assume it equal to zero. Further, even if deviations from the researchers found, why do they publish? If this is true, no data anomalies and quirks, then why not trade on the information? Publishing ie, the usefulness of this information is not large. What we really need to know is the expected gains from the production and trade on private information. Ball makes the humorous remark that a trading strategy modeled (on past data, but with the help of modern computer and statistical methods) is similar to using a modern war, acquire technology, simulated gains in the Middle Ages. The fact that no researcher can know is not normal profits are not surprising. Let us assume that marginal utility equals marginal cost, marginal utility of the analyst is quite small. Ball describes an example where the cost is for a given forecast of $ 2000. This is only a fixed per thousand of 2 billion U.S. dollars. Ball also points out the obvious: certain investors (like Warren Buffet) have access to better information, and then possibly lower returns required. Ball also found that analysts play an important role in reducing uncertainty, which are by reporting on what other investors are able to do and how they play for the company. Issues in Testing Efficiency as a model for the stock market This section deals with problems in the assessment of market efficiency Joint hypothesis problem: to study the efficiency and the model of the market Changes in risk-free interest and risk premiums: serial correlation can be the result of the time, different prices and premiums. Changes in danger (although give the company normally known seasonal or major events on Monday in December, etc.). As a result, we can not say much definitive. The final section (before the conclusion) asks Is behavioral finance is the answer? Ball answered his question with a negative. He holds that position, because (as Fama) h e believes that the school has its own Behavorialist anomalies and grossly inconsistent with competitive markets. Ball ended his talk by saying the theory of efficient markets, like all theories, an imperfect and limited view on the stock markets. The question is not conclusively settled, while there are so many mandatory restrictions in the area of asset pricing models are based based on empirical tests of market efficiency. He further said that he spoke of the transformation of the form EMH considers advantages lived securities markets, and hes always responded yet how good the prices of such information to what it was thirty years ago to impress expect. THEORY: Innovation and growth are the only ways to company survival and prosperity. Consistently meet and exceed customer expectations requires intensive efforts to minimize the process variation is supported by creative thinking. It must be remembered that creative thinking involves risk of errors, as all accepted method s of experimentation cry for freedom from the course of events. Reverse Engineering To Identify Redundancy Roots: On the same implementation of Six Sigma techniques that are so successful, have the potential to his dismissal. The normal tendency of a newcomer to Six Sigma implementation will be the Six Sigma principles to reduce everything and nothing for the variability, but adds the additional activities planned for unproductive waste. The techniques involved in the implementation are the places to look for the causes of errors. Although this is a typical range for Six Sigma with multiple attempts and failures for many years in a company, it can throw some insight into the root of the error generators. The following is a partial list of the areas that you must pay attention to: Project selection Statistical Process Control Assessment of the measuring system Analysis of variance using ANOVA Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) The need to provide doc umentation in the reaction with the same approach and reiterates zeal no longer emphasized. We may not get the impression that redundancy analysis is a kind of test of Six Sigma. But the fact of the matter is that checks and balances, like a built-treated DMAIC phases or DMADV. Redundancy Due To Resistance To Change: Resistance to change is one of the most important areas of analysis for redundancy factor. A black belt does not need to these changes as a fictional construct resistance, as most modern organizations have efficient ways of producing desired results with the corresponding inputs. The mere suggestion of process changes were a risk, as examined in contrast to their long-standing ways. Second, the departments such as finance and materials management are not in a position, the results of Six Sigma deployment as quickly as the other departments within the company to see how the production. Tool Of Redundancy Analysis: There are no special tools for the analysis o f redundant implementation of Six Sigma, though) reciting some practitioners TRIZ (Russian acronym for Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, identify redundancies, too. But just as useful as a rule, the same tools to implement, even in this case. The procedure performed after the instruments should be repaired before the implementation of generators to be repeated in order to detect this error. Analytical and statistical tools in stark contrast pre-and post-data with extreme precision. The Mindset Of The Redundancy Analyst: It helps an in-house man for the analysis of layoffs. An experienced person with a long inside the organization has some advantages to start with. It is important to understand that resistance to change is mainly due to the inertia and what it takes to the ice with a heavy reliance on formal mechanisms of the transection of the right display the entire image. One must take care to victims when redoing avoid frustration with the statistical analysis, which co vered. The only thing keeping the analyst must redundancy in the eye, killing mainly to ensure that wastage of profitability. Conclusion: EMH propagandists will find that using profit-seekers, in practice, which is unusual, so far, until it disappears. In cases such as the January effect (a predictable pattern of price movement), large transactions costs are expected to take in order to prevail by attempting to get the advantage of such a trend is increasing. In the real world, markets can not be efficient or inefficient. It might make sense, markets are essentially a mixture of both, where daily decisions and events are not always immediately seen in a market expression. When all participants were to believe that the market is efficient, should someone turns on the lookout for exceptional profits, which holds the power to the wheels of the market In this age of information technology (IT) markets around the world are to gain even more efficiency. It allows a more effect ive, faster means of disseminating information and electronic commerce will be able to adjust the prices to go faster on news in the market. However, while the pace at which information we receive and expedite the processing of transactions, it reduces the time to use the information to validate a trade. It can inadvertently result in less efficiency if the quality of the information that we no longer use, it allows us to profit-generating decisions.

Reflection Essay On To Kill A Mockingbird - 720 Words

Character To Kill a Mockingbird was a great book and had many wonderful characters in it. As I was reading, I reflected on my reactions to the characters. Scout was an undoubtedly unique character in all that she did. Scout stood out in a crowd, not only for her courage, but her instinct to do what is right. When Atticus told her not to get into fights with other children about the lawsuit, she held back on her urge to fight. She chose to do what was right, even though she found it difficult. Scout’s brother, Jem, is very protective of her, and I admired that about him considering he would protect his family and friends over anything. For instance, when Bob Ewell attacked Scout, Jem did not take a second to think about what to do. He†¦show more content†¦Point of View When W.E.B. Dubose says double consciousness, I considered when Aunt Alexandra was pressing Scout to act like a lady other than just being herself. Atticus tells Scout and Jem that Aunt Alexandra wanted him to tell them that (on page 177) â€Å"you must try to behave like the little lady and gentleman that you are.† The book refers to the streaks in everyones families and how they are viewed, rather than the actual person. For instance, the Ewells were expected to only attend the first day of school and then leave because education was not important to their family. However, in Scout’s family, she was expected to be a well educated young lady, not a childish tomboy. Setting In Maycomb County, compared to my home, there was always something you were known for, but where I grew up you could be whatever you wanted to be. There was no streak in your family, and you were not born to be something. You made your image. You didnt copy and paste it. Another difference in Maycomb County compared to my home was the diversity in income ranging from poor to average, but where I grew up there was one level, not too poor and not too rich. The majority of the jobs were farming in Maycomb County, but people in my neighborhood worked in the school system and local businesses. Plot To Kill A Mockingbird held my interest while on the topics of the trial of Tom Robinson, the killing of Bob Ewell, and when the three kids wereShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Reflection Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesTo Reflect on Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird reflected the contentious race relations of the 1930’s-1960’s, and sparked nationwide examination of racism. There are countless court cases that closely resemble the trial that took place in the novel, such as the Scottsboro Trials. The book was published right before the culmination of the Civil Rights Movement. In the years after the book’s publication, the Freedom Riders made their famous trip across the South, and the March on Washington took placeRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Reflection Essay890 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, it talks about the racism and discrimination against blacks in the 1900’s in Alabama. It is narrated from the perspective of the author Harper Lee herself and is based on memories of her own life. The main character Scout, has an older brother named Jem, who is not as childish as Scout so he is a little more mature. At the beginning of the book, Jem’s level of maturity is not fully developed; nowhere near close at that. But, towards the end of the book, he seemsRead MoreAnalysis Of Angela s Ashes By Frank Mccourt Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pageslife for those who are poor. Go Set A Watchman by Harper Lee~ Pulitzer Prize winner -This book is the sequel of To Kill a Mockingbird, which follows 26 year old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), home from New York to visit her father, Atticus. While visiting Scout discovers troubling truths from her past. This book would be a good choice for me because, when I read To Kill A Mockingbird in eighth grade I fell in love with the story. The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes~ Man Booker Prize -This bookRead MoreThe English Assessment Task For Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1360 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Assessment Task 1 - ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’ Essay â€Å"Whether Maycomb knows it or not, we’re paying him the highest tribute we can pay a man. We trust him to do right.† To what extent are life values and lessons reflected throughout the novel ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’? The great degree that Harper Lee reflects life values and lessons throughout ’To Kill A Mockingbird’ is elucidated through the teachings of the main adult protagonist, Atticus Finch. Over three summers, Atticus guides his childrenRead MoreHow Harper Lees life and childhood influenced her writing of To Kill A Mockingbird2417 Words   |  10 PagesHARPER LEES VIEW OF THE 1930S AS A CHILD Harper Lee is well known for her great contributions towards modern society through her astounding book, To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel is read world-wide, in high schools and colleges because of its in-depth look at the social classes in the south during the 1930s. The book was influenced by society, in particular the social order of the south during her childhood. Lee grew up during this time of controversy which is why she writes so passionately aboutRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English classRead MoreCreating Opportunities For Students Proficiency Directing Their Own Learning And Have Done So Within My Classroom Environment Essay1865 Words   |  8 Pagesof the classroom environment. EXAMPLE 2- Throughout the course of the term, the year 11’s were deconstructing the themes and ideologies behind Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†. This required students to have an understanding of messages present within the text, how to analyse these messages and place them within a structured essay layout. Over the first few weeks of the term, students focused purely on the ideologies and discourses present throughout the novel, they were then asked to deconstructRead MoreOutline the Primary Skills Used in Counselling Relationships2629 Words   |  11 PagesOutline the primary skills used in counselling relationships This essay intends to introduce the reader to the most important skills involved within developing and maintaining a therapeutic relationship between a client and the therapist or counsellor. The onus will be on Humanistic counselling but many of these skills are central to all counselling types. Humanistic counselling is a process whereby the eventual goal is to facilitate the client in developing a personal understanding of self, andRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesKeri The bone people AF Jones, Lloyd Mister Pip AF Joyce, James Ulysses AF Kafka, Franz Metamorphosis AF Kesey, Ken One flew over the cuckoo’s nest AF Keneally, Thomas The chant of Jimmie Blacksmith AF King, Stephen Carrie AF Lee, Harper To kill a mockingbird AF YA Li, Yiyun A thousand years of good prayers AF London, Jack White fang AF McCaffrey, Kate Destroying Avalon YA McCaffrey, Kate In ecstasy YA McCullers, Carson The heart is a lonely hunter AF Malouf, David Remembering Babylon AF MarchettaRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pagescircular pattern, whrai the closing event in the story brings the reader back to the introductory part; aframe structure - a story within a story; the latter may contrast or parallel. Tasks to Module 2 1. What are the themes of the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by N. Harper Lee? Which one would you call the main theme? 2. Think of a novel you have recently read in English and formulate its message. 3. Does the title of the novel by R. P. Warren â€Å"All the King’s Men† refer to its theme, message or both

Communication Challenges - 1239 Words

Communication Challenges Rachel Naomi Remen, M.D., is a master storyteller and a great observer of life; Remen said, â€Å"The most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our attention.... A loving silence often has far more power to heal and to connect than the most well-intentioned words.† Communication, gender and culture influence one another in many ways (Wood, 2008). People communicate either verbally, or non-verbally. Verbal and non-verbal communication occurs simultaneously and work together, complementing or contradicting each other (Harris Sherblom 2008). This paper will focus on how people communicate, both verbal and non-verbal†¦show more content†¦The appropriate degree of assertiveness in communicating can add to cultural misunderstandings. For instance, some white Americans typically consider raised voices to be a sign that a fight has begun, while some black, Jewish and Italia n Americans often feel that an increase in volume is a sign of an exciting conversation among friends. Thus, some white Americans may react with greater alarm to a loud discussion than would members of some American ethnic or non-white racial groupsShow MoreRelatedChallenges in Communication850 Words   |  4 PagesChallenges in Communication Communication can be conveyed in a plethora of different ways, whether it is a debatable topic between individuals a group of individuals, a problem or issue discussed in a relationship, or every day conversation between friends. Regardless of the situation, the information must be communicated, and perceived, accurately in order for the discussion to yield the intended result. According to â€Å"What is Communication?† (2013), â€Å"the discipline of communication focuses onRead MoreThe Challenge of Organizational Communication714 Words   |  3 PagesThe Challenge of Organizational Communication video†¦ What does it all mean? It means that in recent years the world has been changing faster than ever before and becoming more complex than anyone could ever imagine. Katherine Miller points out 4 aspects of these changes that were barely on the radar 20 years ago, but today dominate much of our thinking. The first one is globalization. It has become a truism to say that we live in a global economy and participate in a global market. The emergeRead MoreCommunication Challenges in Leadership Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesmodel discussed in the Module 6 reading (Lussier Achua, 2010, par. 4) to illustrate how communication can be affected by gender and age and values. His example was that he’s an older male, recently retired, Vietnam Veteran communicating with a younger, female, business owner and feedback is necessary to ensure that what was said had the same intention/interpretation when received. (W. Rose, personal communication, April 12, 2011) An experience during my time as a customer service manager providesRead MoreCommunication Challenge For An Organization Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication challenges can be seen within various different organizations, and generally people are involved with more than one organization. This leads to encounters with ineffective communication on a daily basis for many individuals. Throughout this paper, I am going to discuss a communication challenge for an organization that I am a part of, and an intervention plan for that communication challenge. As a student manager at one of the dining locations on the University of Wisconsin- Eau Claire’sRead MoreCommunication Challenges in Global Virtual Teams3258 Words   |  14 PagesCommunication Challenges in Building Successful Global Virtual Teams Due to Diversity and Cultural Differences Abstract This paper introduces an approach to effectively communicate within a global virtual team by discussing the challenges faced by them, understanding cultural differences in communicating, diversity within a team, building trust in virtual communication, and communicating across different regions and time zones. This approach appears in many discussions surrounding the difficultiesRead MoreCommunication Process and Challenges in Global Business Environment1751 Words   |  8 PagesBUSINESS COMMUNICATION Semester 1 2011-2012 Module Leader Ms. Kirti Bhatia Communication Process and Challenges In Global Busienss Environment Submitted By: Kanishk Matta Executive Summary In this report, generic form of communication process is described and types of communication are also there to help the reader get an idea of communication to start with. Thereafter, prominent barriers in communication faced by global firms are elaborated to give the reader a view on current communication scenarioRead MoreTeam Communication: Importance, Methods, Benefits, and Challenges1349 Words   |  6 PagesTeam Communication: Importance, Methods, Benefits, and Challenges In order for a team to communicate effectively, the members should understand why effective communication is important; decide which methods to use; know the benefits they will reap; and how to overcome the challenges that will arise, because when communications fail many problems can arise such as, failure to meet goals, and unnecessary conflict. Parker (2003) says that, â€Å"open communication is an absolute requirement for successful†¦teamwork†Read MoreChallenges of Interpersonal Communication Within the Japanese Culture1889 Words   |  8 PagesChallenges of Interpersonal Communication within the Japanese Culture One way of defining interpersonal communication is to compare it to other forms of communication. In so doing, one would examine how many people are involved, how physically close they are to one another, how many sensory channels are used, and the feedback provided. Interpersonal communication differs from other forms of communication in that there are few participants involved, the people who interact are in close physical proximityRead MoreAnalyse the Barriers and Challenges to Communication Within Own Job Role669 Words   |  3 PagesAnalyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role Effective Communication is significant and a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace for any employee especially for managers to perform the basic functions of management, i.e., Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. If people dont communicate well they limit their ability to connect on any meaningful level which can create conflict. Depending on the position in workplace, others will have expectationsRead MoreCommunication as a Cross-Cultural Challenge for International Management18350 Words   |  74 Pages               COMMUNICATION   AS   A   CROSS- ­Ã¢â‚¬ CULTURAL   CHALLENGE       FOR   INTERNATIONAL   MANAGEMENT    A   CASE   STUDY   OF   GINA   TRICOT    Paper   within:       Bachelor   Thesis   in   Business    Administration       Authors:                Tutor:          Frida   Mordenfeld       Sandra   Johansson          Pamela   Hinojosa   Giron             Zehra   Sayed

Profit free essay sample

Research Report Improving Productivity by Instituting a Compensation Plan Presented to: ABC Manufacturing, Human Resource Department Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: January 24, 2013 Mentor Name: Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Introduction5 Research Findings5 Performance-Based6 Profit Sharing7 Gainsharing8 Recommendations10 Conclusion10 References12 Executive Summary ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. is a small company with 120 full time employees. We produce aluminum doors and windows. Although we are highly successful, we find that it can be difficult to retain our valued employees. Human resources has decided to evaluate several compensation plans and see if any options exist that can help retain employment and improve productivity. It seems that all successful compensation plans have four main qualities: 1)Goals that are clear 2)Goals that are challenging and attainable 3)Regular feedback on job performance 4)Cooperation between employees and managers When deciding on possible options for the company to consider, these four factors were taken in to account. After investigating numerous compensation plans, I narrowed it down to three possibilities: 1) Performance-based 2) Profit sharing and 3) Gainsharing. Performance based compensation plans are monetary rewards that are based on individual performance. The performance norms are based on general ideas of what is acceptable for each job position no matter if the goal is too high or too low for the employees in that position. Bonuses are paid out on a regular basis. Each job goal can be easily manipulated by employees by downplaying job responsibility. This plan has a tendency to encourage risk taking by employees. It can be seen as acceptable to cut corners to increase bonus size. In my opinion this is not the appropriate plan for ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. Profit sharing is a plan that is based on the success of the company. The bonuses are funded through company profits and only when companies have profits. These bonuses are normally paid on an annual basis and the amount cannot be counted on from year to year. Employees have difficulty figuring out how to calculate their bonus and also how they can improve the possibility of company profits. It is found that this plan has little impact on employee behavior, which means that it would not affect productivity. Because of this I don’t believe that this is the appropriate choice for our company. Gainsharing is a plan that shares in company performance successes. It creates a partnership between the employees and the company and encourages an open communication between the two. The bonuses are paid monthly and calculated by using a specific formula that is created by management. Employees are educated on the formula and on the plan as a whole so that there are little to no questions about future pay and how to obtain it. This plan promotes employee involvement and because of this I believe that it is the plan for ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. We are looking for a plan that will improve productivity and will improve employee retention. By improving employee involvement within the company, you will increase the likely hood of retaining that employee. Since the plan is based on improved productivity, then we are almost guaranteed a success in that area. To get this success I believe that we must start with three steps: 1)Interview Employees 2)Create Formula )Educate Employees With a little time, effort and company-wide help, I believe that we can create an environment of openness, creativity and productivity. Introduction As a member of human resources in ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. , I have been asked to find a possible option for a company-wide compensation plan. I have also been asked to make a suggestion on which plan is most appropriate for our company and our company goals. At this time our compan y would like to save money by retaining our current employees and by increasing productivity. Research Findings Dave Ramsey has been known to say (2011), â€Å"What an organization spends money on is what they value† (p. 275). He also goes on to state that if you feel that your employees are a valuable part of the company, you need to pay them as if they are (Ramsey, 2011, p. 275). When an employee feels appreciated, they will have a longer, more productive career with the company. According to Ross Blake (2006), it is estimated that it can cost a company anywhere from 50% to 150% of an employee’s annual salary to replace them. If an employee makes $40,000 annually, it is estimated that it will cost $20,000-$60,000 to replace that employee. These amounts include recruiting, interviewing, orientation, training and loss of expertise (Blake, 2006). So what methods can we use to retain our valuable employees? It is believed that compensation plans are a legitimate way to express appreciation in employee’s productivity and efforts and an excellent way to retain employment. Some of the main reasons to institute a compensation plan are (Vivekanand, p. 2): OIncreased employee morale and motivation OImproved employee performance OIncreased employee productivity OEnhance employee efficiency OReduction in employee turnover OIncreased company commitment So what must one do to create a successful compensation and performance plan? There seem to be four areas that need to be present no matter what plan you chose. One of the first steps that must be considered is the clarity of the performance goals that the plan is based on. The employees must be able to understand what they are being judged on so that they can anticipate the results of their daily work. This means that there must be a written plan and everyone from management to manufacturing must be educated on this plan. This will ensure that there are few misunderstanding among employees and management. Another step is that the goals must be challenging. Create goals that allow employees to grow and feel accomplished once they reach the goals. An important part to a challenging goal is that it is attainable. If the employees feel that they cannot reach the goal, that the goal is impossible, then they will eventually stop trying. The third step is that there needs to be regular feedback on employee performance. This will allow employees to take this feedback and improve on it so that they can reach their goal. If an employee cannot rely on regular feedback they can feel that the goal is unattainable. The last important step is to allow cooperation between employees to achieve the goals. Employees need to be able to work together to meet their goals and by doing so it builds commitment to each other and to the company itself (Stack, 2000). Thinking about the preceding steps, I have chosen to focus on three specific plans: OPerformance-Based Compensation OProfit Sharing OGainsharing Performance-Based Performance based compensation is a monetary reward that gives employees feedback on their measurable performance at work. A performance based goal should be like any other goal, it should be attainable and challenging so that it provides incentive (Pinto, 2005). Employees are normally asked to assess the amount of work they do on a given day so that a base level of work can be created. Management will then decide what the work goals will be for each individual employee. Once management creates these individual goals, they are communicated to each employee so that they understand what is expected of them. They must also understand the performances that are being assessed and how each of these performances will be assessed (Stillwell, 2002). When management is creating the base level of acceptable performance, they must consider two things: company performance and employee performance (Mora, 2010). You want to calculate the minimum amount of work that employees can perform that will allow the company to still make profits. If the minimum amount of employee performance is too low, the company can be paying out benefits for increased employee performance, but be losing money in overall company performance. By taking this into consideration, the company can guarantee that the employees increased performance will also increase company profits. There are some challenges with the performance-based compensation plans. It can be very hard to judge what individual performance levels should be for each employee. You will find that some employees will automatically go above and beyond the call of duty at work while others will do the bare minimum that allows them to still get paid. Because an important part of goals is to have them be challenging, this can make it difficult to set a minimum performance for a job. It can also be common for employees to falsify their job responsibilities and performance so that their goals are set at a lower level. Another problem can be the fact that big rewards can encourage some employees to take big risks. If it is perceived that an employee can cut some corners to ensure a larger pay out, they will do it without a second thought. Cutting corners can reduce quality and lead to possible harm which will eventually increase company costs. This tends to contradict the goals of a compensation plan. Analysis: I believe that a performance based compensation plan would have some positive and negative effects on our manufacturing company. Performance based compensation plans seem to have definite goal clarity which is an important part of setting up a successful plan. Once the employees and management evaluate each job position, it should become clear what is expected for each position to become profitable. Because of the job clarity and the individual nature of this plan, it should be easy to give each employee individual feedback on their positions. Our company would have to make sure that the feedback wasn’t just in the form of a bonus check. There would have to be an employee evaluation for each position and a regular time line that these evaluations were conducted. Some of the problems that I see are the fact that it can be difficult to create a challenging yet attainable goal for each position. Management would have to make sure that we took enough time to honestly evaluate the position so that we have accurate information to set our goals. I believe that one of the biggest problems is the fact that this type of plan would produce competition between employees instead of cooperation. It seems that an environment of competition would actually hinder performance. If employees are more worried about how the person next to them is doing, they are less likely to be concerned with their own performance. It also seems that this could lead to an atmosphere of doing just enough to be better than the guy next to you instead of doing the best job possible. Profit Sharing Profit sharing is when a company designates a portion of their profits to a pool that is dispersed back to the work force (Stack, 2000). The profits are funded completely by the successes from the company and are only paid out when the company experiences these successes. The amounts are normally paid out on an annual basis, but can also be paid out whenever the company sees fit. In this plan, the management decides when the profit will be paid out and how much will be paid (Masternak, 2009). Vaden Bos (2010) determined that there are three steps that need to take place when implementing a profit sharing plan. You must begin by determining the purpose of your profit sharing plan; is it to retain employees through a retirement plan or to motivate them through a cash plan. After determining your purpose, you must create the formula that you will use to calculate your plan pay outs. A common amount is to pay out 10-15% of the company’s pre-tax profits. It is also common for companies to set a specific revenue target that must be reached before the profit sharing comes into play. You then need to educate your employees about the plan. If ndividual employees have difficulty understanding how they can influence and improve profits, this can undermine the benefits of this style of compensation. By educating them on the pay-out formula and when it comes into play, you are giving them more influence over their environment. Stack (2000) has found that one of the main negative consequences of a profit sharing plan is the fact that employees cannot count on being paid every time the company see s profits. They also have difficulty calculating the amount that they will be paid. This can create an environment of distrust between the employees and the management. Another area that can cause negativity is the actual amount of profit that is paid out. The company must make sure that the profit sharing payouts aren’t too high, making up a higher amount than the employee’s annual pay or too low so that employees aren’t excited about it (Blencoe, 2002) Analysis: When looking at the profit sharing plan, I see more negative than positive attributes. I believe that it would be difficult to give each employee goal clarity. Management would have to set a goal for each job position so that company profitability would be inevitable. They would also have to make sure that they could create goals that are challenging and attainable. The only problem is that as long as the company is profitable, it doesn’t matter if each employee reaches their individual goals. This plan doesn’t have a true feedback plan either. When your employee feedback is whether or not they receive an annual bonus check, an increase in productivity is less likely to occur. Employees can’t rely on the bonus to happen every year, so they lose faith in the compensation plan. This plan also ignores employee cooperation and input which can determine whether a plan is successful or whether it will fail. Gainsharing Gainsharing is when an organization seeks higher performance by involving its employees in the outcome of the company. It does so by enabling them to have a say in ways that the company can increase profits and productivity and reduce error and waste. As the performance increases, the employees are included in sharing in the company’s financial gains. The organization measures employee performance and shares any saving that might result with employees through a pre-determined formula. The profits are normally paid out on a monthly or quarterly basis. This process works best when the performance and productivity can be measured (Masternak, 2009). According to Imberman (1995), gainsharing can improve plant performance and productivity while cutting costs by reducing errors and time wasting. When employees know that their bonus relies on some sort of gain then they will strive to achieve that gain. By focusing on increasing productivity by reducing errors and time waste, you essentially eliminate the need to cut corners. The goal is not entirely on profits, it’s also on personal and team goals. And when you train your employees on the criteria that you are using to determine the goals and the formula that you are using to calculate the pay out, employees will be more motivated to participate (p. 75). Cotton (1993) says that a gainsharing plan can only be successful when the employees are completely informed on how it will work and the formula used to calculate the compensation amount (p. 10). When employees don’t understand the plan, they are more apt to feel that it is unfair or unattainable and to stop working for the end pay out. When this happens, your plan has failed. You also need complete participation by both the employees and the management. Allow the employees to vote on whether or not the plan should be implemented once they have been given information about the plan. But doing so, you will be helping your employees take ownership over the gainsharing plan. This will help to guarantee success. You must also have management agree to carry out the plan no matter what. Employees must feel confident that if they earn their bonus it will be paid out (Cotton, 1993, p. 110). Cotton (1993) also states that gainsharing programs have three common factors. 1)Focus on reducing production time and reducing expenses not on profit or sales. 2)They are financial bonuses give to the employees involved when productivity is improved. 3)They are a â€Å"formal, supplemental system aimed at individual departments, plants or companies (p. 89). There are quite a few benefits of a gainsharing plan, but Cotton (1993) really focuses on two. The first is that it can be a great way to help keep your employees involved in how the company is doing (p. 91). If employees understand what the goals are and the formula for the payout, they are more likely to keep an eye on these goals and make adjustments if they are not met. It is also encouraged that employees bring new ideas to management that have the possibility to save time, reduce waste, or increase productivity. If employees feel that their ideas are being heard and better yet, making a difference, they are more likely to feel responsibility in the outcome. They want the company goals to be reached. Second, Cotton (1993) focuses on how this plan can encourage management to keep employees up to date on the company’s successes and failures (p. 91). If employees are given feedback on the how the company is doing, they can make the changes needed to improve that area which, in turn, will improve everyone’s bottom line. This also gives employees the opportunity to bring new ideas to management about how to improve areas that are not meeting the goals that were set. Analysis: One of the most important parts of the gainsharing plan is the fact that employee cooperation is a major factor. If we started this plan by discussing employee ideas on ways to increase productivity, reduce time waste and reduce production errors, then employees will be more invested in the plan as a whole. It will also make it easier to set the goals for each employee position. Once this happens, the company can set goals that are clear, challenging, and attainable. The fact that the employees have individual goals but that pay out relies on increased production will create a camaraderie between the employees instead of competition. Employees are then encouraged to succeed in their position, but to also help everyone else to succeed. Recommendations I believe that ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. will find great success by introducing a gainsharing plan to our company and employees. After reviewing some of the most popular compensation plans, this seems to be the most logical and positive of the ones reviewed. I believe that being a small manufacturing company with 120 employees; we will be able to utilize this plan to its fullest. And with a little planning we can find great success. Some of the first steps that I believe we should take are: 1. Interview Employees: We would want to start by interviewing employees about their positions and what it entails to perform it properly and timely. By taking this information and looking at the average amount of product that they can produce in an hour, you can determine what elements you need to add into your formula. This also will give human resources some ideas of what manufacturing believes will help improve production costs. 2. Create Formula: Human resources will need to decide exactly how we would like to calculate the percentage of pay out for the gainsharing plan. One way is to look at total # of work hours saved for a given number of units produced. We can also compare labor cost and sales values. Another decision that will need to be made is what percentage of profit will go to the work force and what percentage will go back to the company. It seems that the percentages can range from 25% to 75%. This area will need more calculation and consideration by management before it is brought to the workforce. . Employee Education: Once we have our formula for calculating our company bonuses, we will need to educate the employees on this new plan. I suggest that we take time to educate the different areas of manufacturing so that they know what their production goals are and so they have a complete understanding of the whole gainsharing plan. We need to make sure that the employees completely understand the f ormula and how the company goes about calculating their bonuses. They also need to understand that by suggesting different way to improve productivity, they can increase their bonuses. Conclusion In conclusion I believe that to solve the problem of employee retention, improved productivity, reduction of errors and a reduction of waste time we must institute a compensation plan. To produce a successful compensation plan, human resources will need to create a plan with specific employee goals, goals must be challenging yet attainable, there will need to be a regular source of performance feedback, and there must be a sense of cooperation between the employees and management. With these four things in mind I chose to look at three plans. Of the three compensation plans that I investigate; performance based, profit sharing and gainsharing, I believe gainsharing to be the most logical. If we take our time creating our gainsharing plan, we should see great success within our company. We will need to have close contact with our employees by gathering information about their position and any suggestion that they may have for company improvement. We will need to spend time looking at different cost and expenses so that we may come up with a formula that will give a fair amount of bonuses to our employees and improve productivity at the same time. We will also have to take great care in educating our employees about the plan. We want them well versed in the actual formula and how the payout are calculate as well as the fact that they are encouraged to share any ideas with management. I believe that this choice will improve employee/company relation and improve profits at the same time. References Blake , R. (2006, July 24). Employee retention: What employee turnover really costs your company. WebProNews, Retrieved from http://www. webpronews. com Blencoe, G. (2002, Novemeber 10). Implement a profit-sharing program. Retrieved from http://www. smartbiz. com Cotton, J. (1993). Employee involvement: Methods for improving performance and work attitudes. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, Inc Heffernan, M. (2012, September 14). Why performance related pay doesnt work. Moneywatch, Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com Imberman, W. (1995). Improving plant performance through gainsharing. JOM, 4 (7), 57. Retrieved from http://www. tms. org/pubs/journals/jom/matters/matters- Masternak, R. (2009). Gainsharing or profit sharing: The right tool for the right organization. Retrieved from http://www. hr-guide. com/data/G44301. htm Mora, V. (2010, April 04). Performance-related pay models. [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www. blogs. payscale. com Pinto, J. (2005, July 01). Performance based compensation. Automation world, Retrieved from http://www. automationworld. com/performance-based-compensation Ramsey, D. (2011). Entreleadership: 20 years of practical business wisdom from the trenches. New York, NY: Howard Books. Stack, J. (2000, November 01). The problems with profit sharing. Inc. , Retrieved from http://www. inc. om/magazine/19961101/1864. html Stillwell, L. (2002, December 16). Performance-based compensation increasingly popular. The business review, Retrieved from http://www. bizjournals. com Vanden Bos, P. (2010, April 19). How to build a profit sharing plan. Inc. , Retrieved from http://www. inc. com/guides/2010/04/profit-sharing-plan_pagen_ Vivekanand, A. , Achuthan, A. , Kiruthigha, E. , Veena, S. , Raja, S. , Sharma, S. Compensatio n: An analysis on manufacturing firms, Retrieved from www. scribd. com[-gt;0] (AAT 29050937)(p. 2) [-gt;0] http://www. scribd. com

Jonathan Kozol, Savage Inequalities Essays - Education Reform

Jonathan Kozol, Savage Inequalities The new millennium brings many advances in our children's learning. The introduction of technology and breakthrough teaching methods display a positive outlook for the educational system our children count on. Yet, this optimistic view is believed by many to be looked at through rose-colored glasses. Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools looks at the ways the government, the society, and the educational system fail poor children, especially poor African-American children, in the United States. Kozol's work, which examines six cities where he finds common problems, illustrates the key shortcomings that work against the education of the less fortunate. Kozol's major argument focuses on the notion that the United States government does not provide enough funding for the schooling of poor children; yet is generous with spending in districts where wealthier families reside. Therefore, the primary problem lies not with the children's capabilities, but within the structure of the system, which has let them down. This spending pattern is a fundamental part of public policy at all levels of government. Additionally, this financial inequality limits the rights of low-income children to obtain a solid education and limits their opportunities to become successful adults. Three major points need to be illustrated in the analysis of Kozol's work. First, it is important to express societies view of ?low income equals low performance', which translates into less obligation of the government to put forth a true effort to support education. Second, this analysis will show the low-income cities are not capable of surviving in the community with the support of the funds needed for a good education. This is further revealed through the political area that further perpetuates the problem. Third, this analysis will expose the separation of children in schools by income compounds the issue of segregation by forcing minority children to be surrounded by other low-income minority children, which creates a resentful, negative cycle. The nation is caught in a brutal cycle of educational, racial and socioeconomic inequity. Kozol argues that the only solution to this problem is the increased role of the government in the financial support of the less fortunate children and the under funded schools they attend. The prosperous families will not voluntarily help the poor, who cannot assist themselves in this case. This solution will be a difficult one to achieve, since the trend in the country is to cut back on government spending in all areas. Another trend is to have private resources fill in the gaps left by government cutbacks. However, as Kozol points out, Cutting back the role of government and then suggesting that the poor can turn to businessmen who lobbied for such cuts is cynical indeed (Kozol 82). Kozol's outlook is gripping because it takes aim at both the mind and the heart of the reader. He appeals to intellect by using statistics, which show that the nation has a segregated, and imbalanced school system, in which the rich receive better educations and the poor, especially minorities, receive less of an education. For example, he compares poor and wealthy school districts in San Antonio. The poor district spends $2800 yearly on each child's education, and 72 percent of children [in that district] read below grade level. In the wealthy district, $4600 is spent yearly on each child. In that district, virtually all students graduate and 88 percent of graduates go on to college (Kozol 224). He appeals to the heart by showing how this unjust school system is also an ethical and spiritual failure that will eat away at the soul of the nation. He also appeals to the heart of the reader by, as has been previously expressed, letting the children speak for themselves for the reason that the children are the victims of this system. One 14-year-old girl says, We have a school in East St. Louis named for Dr. King. The school is full of sewer water and the doors are locked with chains. Every student in that school is black. It's like terrible joke on history. (Kozol 35). Kozol is most effective because he shows his own fear and despair: East St. Louis will likely be left just as it is for a good many years to come: a scar

Watchmen and Chapter Essays

Watchmen and Chapter Essays Watchmen and Chapter Paper Watchmen and Chapter Paper Essay Topic: Watchmen In Alan Moores The Watchmen, Moore presents the reader with two drastically different characters who have one strikingly similar trait. Ozymandias is a handsome, rich, public, and powerful man. Rorschach is an ugly, poor, private, and almost worthless man. Despite all of these contrasts, they share a common philosophy: they believe that the ends justify the means. This is a major theme of the story, and through it Moore causes the reader the ask themselves the question do the ends justify the means? Before looking at the concept of the ends justifying the means, it is important to understand just how different the characters of Rorschach and Ozymandias are from each other. Rorschach is strongly right wing, even to the point of fascism. He believes that the whole world stands on the brink, starring down into bloody hell, all the liberals and intellectuals and smooth-talkersA? a‚Â ¬AÂ ¦(Volume 1 page 1) Rorschach is also an ardent subscriber to the New Frontiersman, a right-wing conspiracy magazine. Ozymandias is an extremely rich philanthropist, who once gave his entire fortune to charity. Ozymandias was the first of all the super heroes to go public, two years before heroes were required to unmask themselves by law. Rorschach never went public, choosing to live as an outlaw rather than give up his identity. Ozymandias is considered by many to be the most handsome man in the world, while Rorschach is an ugly man who does not even bathe on a regular basis. Ozymandias runs an international conglomerate, while Rorschach does not have enough money to pay his rent. These differences present the reader with two extremely different characters, their only similarities being their staunch belief that the ends justify the means. Moore presents the reader with an early visual clue to the similar natures of Ozymandias and Rorschach in chapter five, titled Fearful Symmetry. Every page of this chapter has a parallel page in the other side of the chapter. For example, pages one, two and three are nine panel pages concerning Rorschach, as is the last page, page twenty-eight, and pages twenty-seven and twenty-six. Page four has one panel the width of the page to begin with, which is then followed by six smaller panels, as does page twenty-five. These pages concern the confrontation between Rorschach and Moloch. Page twenty-five also has the one larger panel at the top, followed by six smaller panels, and this page also concerns Rorschach and Moloch. This mirror-like pattern continues until the center of the comic. While there are other characters in this chapter (Dan and Laurie, the newspaper salesman, and the two policemen), the two characters who receive the most focus in this chapter are Rorschach and Ozymandias. Even the title of this chapter is meant to cause the reader to think about the nature of Rorschach and Ozymandias. The title Fearful Symmetry comes from The Tyger by William Blake. This classic poem and its partner, The Lamb, are two poems about the nature and duality of life. While the tyger may be a predator and the lamb its prey they are both concerned about where they came from. This is a direct parallel to events taking place in The Watchmen, where although Rorschach and Ozymandias may be almost total opposites, they are both attempting to perform acts which will they believe will improve humanity. Moore hints to the reader that Rorschach believes that the ends justify the means on the very first page, when Rorschach uses his journal to tell the reader that he thinks that the people had a choice, all of them. They could have followed in the footsteps of good men like my father or president Truman. Decent men, who believed in a days work for a days pay. (Volume 1, page 1) While Truman may have had many great accomplishments, his most famous decision was to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This is a real world example of the concept of whether the ends justify the means. Truman would be an obvious hero to Rorschach, as he showed that he was not afraid to make tough decisions for the good of his people. After the death of the Comedian, Rorschach enters an underworld bar to attempt to find answers as to who may have killed the Comedian. He breaks the fingers of the first man who insults him, and continues to break his fingers, until one of the patrons tells him what he wants to know. While its quite possible that this man had committed crimes in the past, Rorschach knew that the he had not killed the Comedian; however, he had no problems in breaking the mans fingers, if it would lead to more information about the true killer. The fact that Rorschach is willing to physically assault and threaten Moloch, a seventy year old man, once again shows the reader that Rorschach will do whatever it takes to achieve his goals. It appears likely that Moloch would have told him all he needed to know simply on the fear of what Rorschach might do to him. In chapter six, the reader begins to see what has led Rorschach to take his hard line stance. Originally Rorschach just thought I was Rorschach.. Very naive. Very young. Very soft. (Volume 6, page 14) When asked what it was that made him soft, he replies let them live. (Volume 6, page 14) By allowing the criminals to live, Rorschach leaves a chance that they may recommit their crimes. However, by killing the criminals, there is obviously no chance that the criminal will re-offend, thus justifying his actions. Referring to his harsh actions, Rorschach says that we do not do this thing because it is permitted. We do it because we have to. We do it because we are compelled. While he does not elaborate on what it is, we can assume that it is the war that he is carrying on against criminals. Rorschach believes that he is compelled go to the extremes, and for him there is not even a conscious decision, it is simply something that he knows must be done. Later on in this chapter, we are shown the horrific sequence of events that led to the creation of Rorschachs attitude and motivation. After the shock of realizing that the six year old girl he had come to rescue had been brutally murdered, Rorschach changes the path that his life will take. He will no longer be content to react, but will now be a proactive force in the fight against evil. If, by this stance, he is required to break the law, and hurt innocent men, he is willing to do it. In chapter twelve, when faced with impossible odds, we see the lengths that Rorschach is willing to go to for his stance. When told by Night Owl that We have to compromiseA? a‚Â ¬AÂ ¦, (Volume 12, page 20) his response is No. Not even in the face of Armageddon. Never compromise. (Volume 12, page 20) A short time after this, he is killed for his no compromise stance. While Moore shows the reader Rorschachs belief that the ends justify the means through a series of small events, the reader is shown Ozymandiass belief in this principle through one horrific, gigantic act. The reader is given the first hint as to what Ozymandias may be planning in chapter two. In this chapter, the reader is shown the attempted formation of a new group of super heroes, called the Crimebusters. The Comedian says that the problems facing America are much too big for a small group of heroes to handle, and then begins to burn the map of the United States. He states that It dont matter squat because inside thirty years the nukes are gonna be flyin like maybugs and then Ozzy here is gonna be the smartest man on the cinder. (Volume 2, page 11) After this the group begins to disband, Captain Metropolis becomes very upset, saying that Somebody has to do it, dont you see? Somebody has to save the worldA? ‚Â ¬AÂ ¦(Volume 2, page 11) At the same time that he is saying this, the reader is shown an image of Ozymandias staring at the torn map of the United States. Moore is using foreshadowing in this scene to show that Ozymandias will attempt to save the world. Moore shows the reader more of Ozymandiass actions, and the motives for them in chapter twelve. Ozymandias begins to tell his life story to three men that work with him. He explains that there was only one man throughout h istory with which he has felt any sort of kinship. This man was Alexander of Macedonia, a young army commander who, at the time of his death, was the ruler of most of the civilized world. Ozymandias is in awe of the fact that he could rule without barbarism, mentioning that he installed the worlds greatest seat of learning. He then hints as to his attitude when he says True, people diedA? a‚Â ¬AÂ ¦ perhaps unnecessarily, though who can judge such things? (Volume 11, page 8) This shows the reader that Ozymandias believes that acts of that magnitude can not be judged. Ozymandias states that on his trip to Alexanders hometown that I resolved to apply antiquitys teachings to todays world. Thus began my path to conquestA? a‚Â ¬AÂ ¦ conquest not of men, but of the evils that beset them. (Volume 11, page 11) This statement hints to the reader what kind of action Ozymandias might take, and what it is that he is trying to do. One important thing to remember when considering Ozymandiass actions, is that not even he was sure that there would be a nuclear war. He says that he thought the possibility of disarmament progressively more remote. (Volume 11, page 21) While he may have felt that it was remote, he did not know that it would be impossible. In chapter eleven, the reader is finally shown the true nature of Ozymandiass plan. He says that his goal is to frighten governments into co-operation, I would convince them that earth faced imminent attack by beings from another world. (Volume 11, page 25) Within the next few pages, he reveals his massiv e plan which is to teleport an alien like creature to New York, which will kill half of the people living there. While ultimately this did work, there is no denying that he used a terrible means to achieve his ends. Throughout the Watchmen the reader is presented with many different characters. The characters of Rorschach and Ozymandias have a manichaean relationship. The line between good and evil has been blurred with these two characters: it is unclear to the reader which of the two is good, and which is evil. One is rich, liberal, and handsome. The other is poor, conservative, and ugly. However, despite all of their differences, these characters share a common philosophy: they believe the ends justifies the means.

Final exam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final exam - Term Paper Example They can work for an unlimited number of years allowing them to refrain from political pressure. Moreover, the constitution prohibits slashing of judges’ salaries implying that neither the executive nor the legislature can threaten to demote these judges. Although the American constitution binds all courts, the judicial branch has the authority to construe the law. Courts are dependable for making the eventual choice regarding the law. Additionally, the judicial branch has the authority to consider all actions of the executive and legislative branch and deem any action that breaches the constitution as void (Zelden, 2007). Therefore, the judicial branch enjoys power called judicial review and uses it sparingly. The role of the executive branch is enforcing the law, with the president being the head (Neubauer, 2011). The president must swear to protect the country’s constitution before taking office. This branch comprises of the president and all other individuals that f all within the president’s purview such as appointees and administrative agencies. However, the president can neither establish legislation nor intrude the legislative branch. The legislative branch makes the country’s laws. Moreover, the American congress vests all legislative powers and comprises of a senate and House of Representatives (Little& Ogle, 2006). Apparently, the congress’ role within the government is legislation. Additionally, statutes refer to laws enacted by the congress. Apparently, the American constitution grants the congress the authority to make laws. Question 2: Theories behind administrative agencies Administrative agencies undertake diverse government functions such as making rules (Beermann, 2010). Regulations refer to rules made by the named agencies and assist in monitoring the activities of individuals governed by the agency and agency’s employees. Another function of these regulations is ensuring consistent law application. O ne theory behind administrative agencies is collective action theory. Apparently, this theory seeks to comprehend how individual groups have the ability to cooperate, with an intention of overcoming social dilemmas and assumes self-interest as the default position. A behavioral technique to joint action initiates with this argument; individuals have evolved the ability to learn cooperation standards and social regulations that have enhanced group success. Apparently, individual actions depend largely on social context. An example to illustrate this theory is organizing a demonstration because it entails considerable collective action. Therefore, administrative agencies enact regulations that they deem as the legislative intent The free market theory stipulates that in an unregulated environment, supply and demand naturally attain equilibrium, thereby achieving maximum social good. Generally, this theory implies that despite existence of misunderstandings amid two parties, they will still reach a compromise. An example to illustrate this theory is conflict resolution. Apparently, for both parties to reach a common understanding, both parties need to give their verdict regarding the issue. Similarly, administrative agencies propose regulations and allow interested parties to give their verdict. The fairness and redistribution theory advocates for fair justice to all individuals. It says that individuals advocate for fair rights and equivalent distribution of benefits. An example to il

Allegories as intented in the morality plays Essay

Allegories as intented in the morality plays - Essay Example For others, the term goes much deeper, to include characters, props, space and even time. Confronted with many perspectives, it is important, as a starting point, to pose one guiding definition of what this paper means by the notion of allegory. According to the Columbia Encyclopedia, an allegory serves as a â€Å"disguised representation for meanings other than those indicated on the surface.† The allegory is indeed a figure of speech by which meaning can be produced and, as it has to be sought beyond the actual appearance of things, it requires, according to its level of subtleties, an active mental involvement on the part of its pursuer. On a first surface level, the allegory is concerned with a narrative and the forms assumed by this latter. Independently of the type of narrative involved in the story, may it be prose, verse, drama or simply oral speech, the commonest type of allegory pertains to the storyline. The author narrates his/her events in a certain fashion and he/she orders them according to his/her inclinations. The careful selection of words or a deliberate misuse of them taints the story with a certain atmosphere. Identifiable themes emerge according to sections or passages, and these emerging themes are often played out and interwoven among themselves. They offer a plus-value to a narrative plot for they grant it with alternative meanings and interpretations. Not only is the narrative embellished by this process, but most importantly it acquires new significance and depth. By this rhetorical means, a drama may well contain traits belonging to a slapstick comedy or vice-versa a jolly light-hearted come dy may indeed reveal itself to be tragic and dreadful. As mentioned above, the delimitations of themes as well as their intrinsic refinements are seldom made explicit and often call for the reader’s own expertise and undeniably his/her willingness in finding

Comparing and Contrasting Country Lovers and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Essay Example for Free

Comparing and Contrasting Country Lovers and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Essay These elements contribute to the short story’s effectiveness as author uses different literary forms and styles to connect the reader to the story. Style has many characteristics that help the author engage the reader such as; punctuation, the use of connotations, and culture. This is what helps the reader’s imagination take over, paint the picture, and get emotionally connected to the author’s story. In comparing and contrasting the two short stories of â€Å"the Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber and â€Å"Country Lovers† by Nadine Gordimer you see the differences and similarities in style between the two authors. The culture, which is the common characteristics of a group or a region (Clugston 2010), is very similar in both stories since they are close to real life with the setting in the 1900’s. Both stories revolve around relationships and love. Thurber style is more imaginative then Gordimer which is defined by his use of connotations and punctuation, although both stories are very detailed when it comes to the characters and settings within the stories. In the short story â€Å"Country Lovers† Gordimer does a great job illustrating the setting, which is the time or place in which the action occurs (Clugston 2010). Gordimer provides details about the South African culture that allow the reader to understand the separatism and segregation the characters are living. The reader gets to feel what it’s like to be black in South Africa through the detailed descriptions of the loving conditions and treatment of blacks. The main characters in the story are Paulus and Thebedi. Paulus is the son of a farmer who was raised with the children of the black families that worked on his father’s farm. He falls in love with a black childhood playmate as a teenager but he understands that a relationship with her is forbidden. Thebedi is Paulus black childhood playmate who becomes his lover. The two begin a sexual relationship which results in a child being born. The theme, which is a representation of the idea behind the story (Clu gston 2010), is interracial love or forbidden love. The laws and culture of South Africa forbid interracial couples. Thebedi Paulus are aware of the dangers of being together but choose to get involved anyway. As the story unfolds, Gordimer brings out the imagination of the reader through the use of metaphors, which is an implied comparison between one object and another that is different from it (Clugston 2010). An example of this is when Goridmer writes, â€Å"hidden by the mesh of old, ant–eaten trees held in place by vigorous ones, wild asparagus bushing up between the trunks, and here and there prickly–pear cactus sunken–skinned and bristly, like an old mans face† (Clugston 2010). This allows the reader to visually paint the picture of where Thebedi and Paulus are at and what the scenery is. A common symbolism, which is something that has a literal identity but also stands for something else (Clugston 2010), that is used in â€Å"Country Lovers† is a tree. A tree can be a symbol for life, death, or immortality. This is a good match with the theme and plot of the story. The plot, which is a dynamic element in fiction, a sequence of interrelated, conflicting actions and events that typically build to a climax and bring about a resolution (Clugston 2010), thickens as both Thebedi and Paulus continue their love affair. Thebedi goes on to marry Njabulo, who is also black, and fails to tell Paulus of her marriage. At the same time Thebedi  also finds out she is pregnant with Paulus baby. When Thebedi gives birth to her daughter it’s obvious the baby isn’t Njabulo’s but he accepts her as it was his own. When Paulus finds out about the marriage and the child he becomes upset, why does he get upset, I believe it’s a sign of his love for Thebedi which ties back to the theme of forbidden love. The story takes an interesting twist, although the author never clearly states that Paulus killed the baby, it’s evident he did by the flow of the story. It’s up to the reader to understand the â€Å"why†, why would Pau lus kill the baby? Again, I believe the â€Å"why† ties back to the theme of forbidden love. Paulus has accepted that Thebedi will never be his wife due to society and the racial customs of South Africa. Understanding this he doesn’t want anyone to find out about the baby because interracial relationships are forbidden so he takes the extreme measure of killing the baby. One could also argue that he killed the baby out of jealousy and not wanting another man to raise his child. The story ends with Thebedi refusing to testify against Paulus in the killing of her baby. This shows that Thebedi has accepted her role in society as a black woman giving up any hope if a relationship with Paulus. Throughout the whole story Thebedi character is submissive to Paulus but the ending shows that Thebedi is also submissive to society by giving into social traditions and discriminatory behavior of South Africa. The short story of â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber is written in a third person point of view, which occurs when the speaker is not a participant in the story (Clugston 2010). The form is limited omniscient, which is when the thoughts and feelings of only one of the characters are related through the narrator (Clugston 2010) that character is Walter Mitty. The setting of this story occurs in a city called Waterbury but the state is never mentioned or disclosed, one can assume its Waterbury, Connecticut. The main characters are Walter Mitty and Mrs. Mitty. Walter Mitty is someone who gets bossed around by his wife so he creates a secret life for himself. In his secret life he see’s himself as a powerful man who is admired by all, something he is not in real life. Mrs. Mitty is the bossy, nagging, overbearing wife of Walter Mitty. Thurber does a great job illustrating the relationship between Walter and his wife which many people can relate too, I found it very humorous. That takes me to the theme of the  story, which I believe is marriage. Thurber portrays a marriage where the husband is submissive to his bossy, nagging, and overbearing wife. A second theme could be masculinity since all of Walter’s dreams portray him as a powerful man who’s admired by all. The story is about Walter taking his wife into town to visit her hair dresser. Along the way Walter begins to fantasize to escape the reality of his real like. Thurber does an excellent job of engaging the reader’s imagination through each of Walter’s fantasy’s allowing the reader to vividly picture what Walter is fantasizing about. An example of this is during Walter’s first fantasies where he is commanding a hydroplane through a storm, â€Å"Rev her up to 8500! Were going through! The pounding of the cylinders increased: ta-pocketa-pocketa-pocketa-pocketa-pocketa† (Clugston 2010). The sound of â€Å"ta-packeta-pocketa† is just the cylinders of the car Walter is driving. Each one of Walter’s fantasies is tied to something that is specific to what’s going on in the story. As Walter drives past the hospital he starts to fantasize about being a surgeon. As the newsboy shouts about the Waterbury trial Walters fantasizes about being in a courtroom. The Liberty magazine leads Walter into a fantasy about military dugout. Thurber does a great job of interweaving Walter’s fantasies with the surroundings of the story. The uses of symbolisms in â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† were not used in the traditional literary forms. Instead Thurber ties in the symbolism of control and power in each of Walter’s fantasies by Walter showing bravery, no fear, power, fame, and a man with high ranking titles. Thurber does a great job of connecting and supporting the symbolism with the theme of marriage and masculinity. The use of this symbolism is to show how Walter feels about marriage, since Walter feels powerless throughout the story as his wife talks down to him. There are many differences and similarities in â€Å"Country Lovers† and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty†. The first and most recognizable difference is â€Å"Country Lovers† is a tragic story with a plot that builds up along with way with romance, physical relationship, racial discrimination, pregnancy,  arranged marriage, murder, deception, secrecy, and acceptance of normalcy. While â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is a comedy with not much of a plot. Where they are similar, both are written in a third person limited omniscient point of view. Both had themes of love and marriage but were very different in how each played out. â€Å"Country Lovers† was forbidden love and arranged marriage while â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† was love and marriage between a husband and wife. These literary elements contribute to the short story’s effectiveness as author’s uses different literary forms and styles to connect the reader to the story. References: Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Divorce is An American Family Tragedy Essay -- Informative Essays Fami

In America today, one of our main life goals is to marry the person we fall in love with, live happily ever after, and skip gleefully away to live the American dream. In most cases, after marriage then comes children which starts a family. This has been a part of human nature since the beginning. Marriage and family are the backbone of our culture. Families need each other for support, dependence, learning, love, encouragement, and ultimately survival. Parents are the ones that supply these needs, meanwhile supplying their own needs by depending on each other for love and support. Only the two of them can give this support because of what they are to each other, husband and wife. When two people get married, they are obviously in love and feel that they want to spend the rest of their lives with each other. They make the ultimate commitment to love one another and one another only, forsaking all others til death do they part. So if this is such an important part of our culture and we have such high goals to get married, then why do 40% of marriages end in divorce? Why does America have the highest divorce rate in the world? What makes couple who previously had fallen madly in love fall out of love and into divorce? What are the main causes of divorce and what are some of the warning signs that you, if you are married or soon to be married should be award of if you do not want your marriage to fail and become one of the statistics? There are many reasons people divorce and there are always very unique circumstances around certain divorces. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census taken in 1992, younger people are marrying for the first time and only about 50-60% of these couples? marriages are surviving. That... ... of Denver and PREP Inc. Adults and children are at increased risk for mental and physical problems due to marital distress and divorce. Marital problems are associated with decreased work productivity, especially for men. Married men and women in all age groups are less likely to be limited in activity due to illness than single, separated, or divorced individuals (National Center for Health Statistics, 1997). Also children living with a single parent or adult report a higher percentage of activity limitation and higher rates of disability. They are also more likely to be in poorer health than children who do not come from a divorced family. Think about this before you untie the knot. The dangers that financial problems, lack of communication, and failure to work together as a team can impose on your marriage or future marriage can have devastating effects.